Parfum (synthetic fragrance) is listed as a single ingredient but can contain dozens to hundreds of undisclosed chemical compounds. Fragrance is the leading cause of contact reactions and skin sensitisation in leave-on skincare. Two azo dyes are present: CI 15985 (Sunset Yellow FCF) and CI 19140 (Tartrazine). These are cosmetic colourants with no skin function and documented allergen potential in some individuals; CI 19140 is a known cross-reactor in people with aspirin sensitivity. These three ingredients lower the safety screen materially for a daily leave-on product.

The active core - Ascorbyl Glucoside, Niacinamide, and Tocopherol - is a credible brightening combination with supporting evidence. Sodium Hyaluronate adds hydration. The weak points are the two azo dyes and synthetic fragrance, which contribute nothing to skin health but add allergen load to a daily moisturiser. The Vitamin C form is Ascorbyl Glucoside, a stable derivative with lower potency than L-Ascorbic Acid.

Good evidence for stated claims based on public information.

The full ingredient list is published on dotandkey.com and both the dyes and fragrance are included. However, the fragrance is listed only as 'Parfum' with no breakdown of the specific allergens it contains. The product is marketed under a 'Vitamin C' name but uses Ascorbyl Glucoside, not L-Ascorbic Acid - a meaningful difference in potency that consumers deserve to know. The two azo dyes are present purely as colourants, and this is not communicated.

No clinical efficacy study published for this specific formula. Brightening claims rely on known ingredient science, not product-specific test data. No consumer-accessible efficacy or safety test results on PDP.

Full INCI list published. Allergen constituents within Parfum not disclosed, limiting clarity for fragrance-sensitive consumers.